Types of iron ore pdf

Learn what makes those types of iron ore different and make an informed investment. Introduction ore deposits are crustal concentrations of useful elements that can be exploited at a pro. Iron ore is mined and processed in the remote openpit mine sites. May 27, 2019 when choosing an iron supplement, its important to look at the amount of elemental iron in each form. Tech iit bhu department of metallurgical engineering slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Their individual sediment layers can be as thin as 0. For years, chinas iron ore reserves are far from being able to meet the requirement of rapid development of steel industry. Content methodologyreferencesmethodologyspecsironore. Other articles where lake superior type banded iron formation deposit is discussed. If all the carbon is removed from the iron to give high purity iron, it is known as wrought iron. It is widely distributed, combined with oxygen as iron oxides.

The magnetization coefficient is similar to that of magnetite. This list of mines in south africa is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. The silica and alumina contents of these ores are also below 1. Hematite hematite gets its name from the greek word for blood, haima, because of its reddish color. Sudbury type orthomagmatic nickel plus copper and iron deposit. Elemental iron is the active part of the supplement that actually gets absorbed. Pig iron is a basic raw material for all irons and produced from a blast furnace.

Cast iron is a ferrous alloy that is made by remelting pig iron in a capola furnace until it liquefies. Contentmethodologyreferencesmethodologyspecsironore. Data reported at or after these timestamps is not considered in the assessment process. As part of arrium minings program to improve its knowledge of ore types being processed in its two hematite ore beneficiation plants obp, metallurgical evaluation of hematite feed for the upgrading process has become a major focus. Fe iron introduction iron is a member of the first row transition series of elements, consisting of sc, ti, v, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, cu and zn, and belongs to group 8 of the periodic table, along with ru and os.

Spatially and or genetically related deposit types some algoma type iron formation grades laterally into polymetallic sulfide facies. The iron minerals that are at present used as ores are hematite, magnetite, limonite, and siderite. Ore is extracted from the earth through mining and treated or refined, often via smelting, to extract the valuable metals or minerals. Iron ore flotation is now well established commercially around the globe, where large tonnages are treated to provide economically viable upgrading for a variety of oxide ore types. Different types of iron and its material properties. The product range of our company comprises mobile crushing plant, jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher, milling equipment, ball mill, vibrating feeders, screens and equipment for washing. As a result, the mining of iron ore has remained in the control of a few major companies. Pdf types and geological characteristics of iron deposits in china. The molten iron is poured into molds or casts to produce casting iron products of the required dimensions. This paper outlines a comparison of heavy liquid and heavy suspension separation methods for iron ore characterisation. China now ranks among the worlds major producers of iron ore. After crushing and screening of the ore on site, the ore is carefully graded. Perhaps the biggest driver of all is the profit margin that steelmakers are achieving defined by the price at which they sell their steel minus the costs of their raw materials inputs. Information about iron ore deposits in south australia is available in m20 iron ore deposits in south australia pdf 2.

Iron ore deposits are abundant in different parts of california, yet until very recently no ore had been mined from them. The cutoff grade and lowest industrial grade of magnetite, ti. The different types of additives used for the composition of iron ore pellets by the companies to reduce production costs without harming product quality was discussed. The ore part of a charge consists of iron ores and concentrates, manganese ores and various types of scrap containing iron. Application of the gravity method to iron ore exploration. Pdf types and general characteristics of the bifrelated. Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with coke, usually with limestone as a flux.

The ore deposition comprised 1 a limited amount of dolomitization, 2 silicification, 3 deposition of calcite and such metallic minerals as galena, sphalerite, and probably argentite, and 4 supergene altera tion. These are the timestamps used for platts iron ore assessments. Komatiiteassociated nickel deposits layered maficultramafic intrusion deposits skarn deposits fractionated granitoidassociated deposits porphyryassociated deposits iron oxide copper gold deposits syndeformational hydrothermal and replacement deposits orogenic gold deposits carbonatehosted stratabound leadzinc deposits. Ore deposit types a lot of work has been spent over the years trying to classify ore deposits into a few major types. The relative preference for different ore types depends on market conditions, and the differentials between the various iron ore indices are very dynamic. Iron ore contains four main types of iron oxides deposits solely dependent on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits, these includes magnetite, titanomagnetite, hematite and pisolitic ironstone, out of the four the two most important minerals deposits are hematite fe. In general, limestone forms the hanging wall of the ore, and altered prophyry the footwall, but the diamond drill holee.

Some ores form from the cooling and crystallization of minerals within magmas, lavas, or igneous intrusions. Iron ore fe minerals deposits in nigeria states, and uses. However, the content of iron in ore deposits has deteriorated and lowgrade iron ore has been processed. This section deals with the types of iron and steel which are produced as a result of the steelmaking process. More information an additional point to note is that chalcopyrite, a brassyellow mineral, has been considered the most important ore of copper for thousands of years. There are four main types of iron ore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits. The only iron ore furnace in the state is an experimental heroult electric. Bif is a rock type composed of alternating silica and iron rich bands. Iron ore in small local volumes is widely located in guizhou and yunnan in the southwest. The carbon within the wood would have reacted with the oxygen in the ore, leaving behind a soft, malleable iron metal.

These data will determine the quantity and quality of iron ore being produced as well as the resource life. Algoma type bifs are also finely layered intercalations of silica and an iron mineral, generally hematite or magnetite, but the. A common type of ore deposit is the one formed by actions of hot water, the hydrothermal type. Chinas rapid steel production growth has reformed the world steel industry, shifting the centre of gravity from. Different types of cast iron cast iron is a ferrous alloy that is made by remelting pig iron in a capola furnace until it liquefies.

Application of the heavy suspension technique for ore. The gravity method was first applied to fe ore exploration as a tool for detecting nonmagnetic ores, but advantages of this method over other exploration methods have also made it useful under certain geological conditions in the study of magnetic ores and regional structures favorable for the occurrence of fe ore. Other articles where algoma type banded iron formation deposit is discussed. In this chapter, a brief history of the development of iron ore flotation is first given and a number of commercial schemes are described to illustrate the uptake. Iron ore contains four main types of iron oxides deposits solely dependent on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits, these includes magnetite, titanomagnetite, hematite and pisolitic ironstone, out of the four the two most important minerals deposits are hematite fe 2 o 3 and magnetite fe 3 o 4. A list to some major types of ore deposits and a link book download. Magmatic origin of giant kirunatype apatiteironoxide. Iron smelting and the use of iron to make tools and weapons began in mesopotamia presentday iraq between 2700 and 3000 bce. The chinese iron ore deposits and ore production intechopen. This is regarded as highgrade iron ore and compares well with other iron ores from the main iron ore producing nations. Algomatype bandediron formation deposit britannica. Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted.

These are magnetite, titanomagnetite, massive hematite and pisolitic ironstone deposits. This furnace is mainly used for heating up scrap, small ingots and billets weighing 2 to 20 kg for rerolling. Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore. The business of mining iron ore is a high volume, low margin industry because of the low value of iron. There is sophisticated automatic sampling prior to shipping the ore via train to the port at dampier over km away, on the worlds longest private railway.

This chapter shows the status of the pelletizing process. Iron ore deposits iron ore deposits are known to occur in sedimentary, hydrothermal, and magmatic environments, but production today is almost entirely from three types of deposit. These ore parts are usually contained in a charge as products of a hightemperature treatment i. Cast iron design details are produced by smelting metal and pouring it into a mold. The metals in ore can occur in many different minerals compounds in the rock. However, the term iron is used for different materials which contain a high percentage of iron in elemental form. Probably due to large national land area and multiperiod orogeny, from the view of metallogeny, lots of iron deposits developed in china, and the proven total reserves of iron ores are relatively abundant, but mainly lowgrade ores. The transport of iron ore by way of railway or freight requires a highly stable infrastructure for the mining production to be economically feasible. There is now a large literature on australian ore deposits, including their geochemical. Kaolin is used for paper coating and filling, refractory products, fiberglass, paint, rubber and catalyst manufacture. Character of the ores 8 mode of formation of the iron ore. These materials are categorized as i pure iron, ii wrought iron, iii cast iron, iv pig iron, and v direct reduced iron. Iron is produced by converting iron ore to pig iron using a blast furnace.

Bentonite is used for drilling mud, pet waste absorbent, iron ore pelletizing and foundry sand bond. Wrought iron is quite soft and easily worked and has little structural strength. This article shows you how many types of iron that engineers are using in applications based on its properties and suitability. Chapter 1 introduction to types and identification of metal. The ore itself is a deep, brownish red colour which is where continue reading.

Mcqueen crc leme, australian national university, canberra, act 0200 and school of rehs, university of canberra, act 2601. For this type of deposit we may ask the following types of. Michelle ridsdale history iron ore is used primarily in steel making. World crude steel production was 1,385mt in 2010, dominated by china, and has grown at an average rate of 5%pa since 2000. Potential environmental considerations 1 processing ore to concentrate iron minerals produces large volumes of finegrained tailings that must be permanently stored. Lake superiortype bandediron formation deposit britannica. In contrast, rock that is not judged to contain economic quantities of an element is categorized as waste rock. Silver is the principal valuable component of nearly all of the ore with. Characterization of chemical composition and microstructure. Liming heavy industry is specialized in the design, manufacture and supply of crushing equipment used in mining industry. Various types of cast irons are produced using different heat treatment and processing techniques, including gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and compacted graphite iron. Types of iron ore and mineral processing technology authorstream. The fines resulting from the concentration process must be agglomerated for use in iron and steelmaking. Characterization of chemical composition and microstructure of.

The iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries. Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals, typically metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit. Iron ore mining methods vary by the type of ore being mined. Different types of cast iron white cast iron, grey cast. The bands of iron ore are at times highgrade, but are often mixed with a good deal of silica, the whole making an ore too lean for use without concentration. Iron ore distribution in india types of iron ore pmf ias. Pig iron has very high carbon content, typically 3. Pig iron from ore contains three basic forms of iron. Lake superior and are called lake superior type deposits. Pdf brazilian iron ores are predominantly hematitic and may have different textures. Banded iron formation is economically among the most important rock types as our society is heavily reliant on iron, which is mostly extracted from this rock. Found in dharwad and cuddapah rock systems of the peninsular india. Geologists recognise various types of iron ore, classified chiefly according to iron fe content see table 1 below. The quality of this iron ore was evaluated to establish its suitability to serve as a raw.

Mineral processing of magnetite ore m the magnetite ore belongs to skarn type ore among which the main iron ore is magnetite and contains a small amount of sulfide mineral accompanied by nonferrous metals such as cobalt nickel and vanadium and the gangue is skarn. When choosing an iron supplement, its important to look at the amount of elemental iron in each form. Iron ore is most often found in the forms of hematite and magnetite. Historically, iron ore reached an all time high of 200 in november of 2007.

Silver is the principal valuable component of nearly all of the ore. There are four main types of ironore deposits worked currently, depending on the mineralogy and geology of the ore deposits. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Pdf classification of hematite types in iron ores through. Although iron is present in most common rock types, it is generally uneconomic, or in forms that are not read ily processed. Classification of ore deposits linkedin slideshare. Iron with a bit of carbon in it generally less than 1%. Iron was likely originally discovered and extracted as a result of wood burning on top of iron containing ores. Raw iron, the immediate product of smelting iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace. Classifications based on the morphology of the ore body could be quite useful, but have a tendency to mix apples with oranges two ore bodies of similar shapes may be very different in type of ore, texture, origin, temperature of formation etc. The most valuable kind of ore is hematite, even though magnetite ores may carry as much or more metallic iron.

Iron ore specifications and types iron ore is categorised by dint of where it is produced and. The most commonly mined type is hematite, particularly in brazil, china and australia, where it makes up 96% of all exports. Primary and secondary mineralogy of ore deposits introduction. Iron ore long has been extracted from the ural mountains, and there appears to be a virtually unlimited supply of lowgrade ore in the qostanay basin east of the southern urals in. While all types of iron supplements may come in the same standard tablet size, each type contains different amounts of elemental iron. In fact it is believed that iron makes up about 5% by weight of the earths crust. Descriptive classifications could be very tedious, as each ore body has its own unique properties. The variety of limonite known as bog iron ore forms in stagnant swamp waters. This report examines the production histories and resource lives of the six major types of iron ore mined in australia. This is one of the types of iron ore that has very high iron content, and although the iron content of hematite itself is lower.