A methodology was developed of four nested scales of prediction. Metal source and fluidrock interaction in the archean bif. Hydrothermal evolution of two stages of gold mineralization at the orogenic new celebration gold deposit, and implications for gold mineralization within. However, in the archean yilgarn craton in western australia, a major gold province which currently provides about 7% of annual gold production, although most gold deposits, including the worldclass kalgoorlie deposits, are hosted in greenschistfacies terrains, about 15% of gold resources are in amphibolite and granulitefacies terrains. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. Shearzonehosted gold, archean quartzcarbonate vein gold deposits.
Reos and pbpb geochronology of the archean salobo iron. How the various types of mineral deposits form within the earths crust. Pdf the nature of gold mineralization in the archean. Geological and geochemical characteristics of the archean. We notice that the known gold mineralization showings tend to occur in locations away from the strongest conductors dominated by syngenetic or epigenetic sulphide minerals such as pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, and we believe that the hypothesis of neumayr et al. The structural controls of gold mineralisation within the. The 127 ma gold mineralization in the wulong deposit, liaodong peninsula, china.
Targeting gold deposits along a regional shear zone. Geochemical characterization of gold mineralization at the archean hislop and grey fox deposits in matheson, ontario ch kelly, dj kontak, b lafrance harquail school of earth sciences, laurentian university, sudbury, ontario the archean hislop and grey fox gold deposits, owned by kirkland lake gold. Pdf crustalscale shear zones and their significance to. Pdf the carosue basin, in the eastern goldfields of the archean yilgarn craton, western australia, is a latestage, syntectonic sequence of. This is just one of the solutions for you to be successful. Archean gold mineralization and oxidized hydrothermal. Conceptual mineral deposit model, archean lode gold deposits, greenstone belt. Various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits. Crustalscale shear zones and their significance to archaean gold mineralization in western australia article pdf available in mineralium deposita 241. Multistage gold mineralization events in the archean tati greenstone belt, northeast botswana. Co 2rich fluids can unmix into two phases at relatively high temperatures and pressures.
Evidence for diachronous archean lode gold mineralization in the yilgarn craton, western australia. Consisting of archean and lower proterozoic ages, stabilized around 1600 1500 million years ago. Approximately 335,000 oz of gold have been produced from the atlantic citysouth pass district from quartz veins in shear zones. Data driven predictive modelling for archean lode gold.
Archean lamprophyre dykes and gold mineralization, matheson, ontario. Chakravarti department of applied geology, indian institute of technology indian school of mines, dhanbad 826004, india. Fluid inclusion data support the formation of major archean au vein deposits at deeper crustal levels than more recent magmatichydrothermal mineralization, such as porphyry cu deposits. A modified placer origin for refractory gold mineralization within the archean radioactive quartzpebble conglomerates from the eastern part of the singhbhum craton, india r. Host and structural and age parameters of gold mineralisation at selected locations in the pilbara craton l the recognition of late e.
Northern agb southern agb zone pontiac subprovince valdor rouynnoranda kirkland lake timmins quebec opatica subprovince ontario onic zone kapuskasing. In particular, sb and li haloes were found to exceed over 500m width, as a result of which the current study did not get out of the hydrothermal system. A regional structural model for gold mineralization in the. Lode gold deposits are one of the most characteristic features of archaean greenstone belts within granitoidgreenstone terranes, with major deposits situated in. Many canadian archean lode gold occur in resistive glaciated. Archean gold mineralization at the kenty and rundle deposits, swayze greenstone belt ecg hastie1, 2, b lafrance1, and dj kontak1 1mineral exploration research centre, department of earth sciences, goodman school of mines, laurentian university, sudbury, ontario p3e 2c6. Thermochemical conditions for the formation of archean. Pdf archean gold mineralization in an intrusionrelated.
Rheniumosmium ages were determined for two molybdenite samples and a pbpb age was derived from bornitechalcopyritemagnetite at the salobo iron oxide copper gold deposit to determine the timing of mineralization and its relation to the nearby old salobo granite. Constraints from integrative white mica arar, garnet upb and sulfides pbpb geochronology. The systematic distribution of gold deposits is described and relationships among gold distribution, structural trends, and geologic complexity are explored. A great variety of mineral deposits has been identified throughout the stratigraphic column. A regional structural model for gold mineralization in the southern part of the archean superior province, united states by p. It is partially covered with more recent proterozoic for. Pdf understanding archean greenstonehosted lode gold. The synto latetectonic granitoid intrusions supplied the heat andor hydrothermal. In this paper, we examine gold mineralization in two archean lode gold deposits, one in the amphibolite facies, and the other in the lower granulite facies, in order to determine the siting and timing of gold relative to the precipitation of orerelated sulfides and peak metamorphic conditions. In addition, many of these igneous rocks are associated with pge and gold mineralization. Structurally hosted, mesothermal, lode gold deposits in metamorphic terranes constitute a single, coherent group of epigenetic precious met al deposits. Bayesian probability, weights of evidence, spatial association, mineral. Geochronological constraints on late archean magmatism deformation and gold quartz vein mineralization in the northwestern anialik river greenstone belt and igneous complex, slave province, n.
Archaean gold mineralization in an extensional setting. First report of organic matter associated with archean gold mineralization in singhbhum, eastern india. This thesis work is devoted to study of orogenic gold deposits of archean greenstone belts in both russian and finnish parts of the fennoscandian shield. Archean gold mineralization at the kenty and rundle. Metamorphic complexes host several base and precious metal occurrences, such as coppermolybdenum porphyry, volcanoexhalative copperleadzinc and gold, volcanogenic copper, sedimentaryexhalative leadzinc, shearzone gold and. The firstorder control is the easterly plunging pipelike conduit parallel. Structural and lithological study of gold mineralization. Groves, editors the search that never endspanning for gold in the yukon, late nineteenth century. Distribution of gold mineralization within the barton bay lithotectonic zone in the geraldton area, ontario, canada after macdonald, 1984. Constraints from molybdenite reos, monazite uthpb, and zircon upb geochronology. Archean gold mineral systems in the eastern yilgarn craton 1 archean gold mineral systems in the eastern yilgarn craton.
Deformation and gold mineralisation of the archaean. Weinberg school of geosciences, monash university, clayton. The campbell mine is developed on an archean gold deposit located in balmertown, ontario, approximately 275 km north west of thunder bay fig. The archean orogenic new celebration gold deposit, located in the kalgoorlie terrane of the eastern goldfields province, western australia, is. Archean gold mineralization and oxidized hydrothermal fluids. The campbell mine, the red lake mine the red lake mine was formerly known as the a. Archean gold mineral systems in the 0xufklvrqrpdlq. Importantly, w was identified as a proximal indicator mineral, producing restricted haloes around gold mineralization. Structural controls on gold mineralization on the margin. Baxter department of geology and geological engineering michigan technological university houghton, michigan 49931 t. Geology, structure, and associated precious metal mineralization of archean rocks in the vicinity of clark creek, marquette county, michigan by d. Bornhorst department of geology and geological engineering. What controls gold distribution in archean terranes. Evidence for diachronous archean lode gold mineralization.
Sixteen common types of bedrock gold deposits are distinguished from one another and their main geological attributes are. Pdf archaean gold mineralization in an extensional setting. Magnetic felsic intrusions associated with canadian archean gold deposits keiko hattori ottawacarleton centre for geoscience studies, department of geology, university of ottawa, ottawa k1 n 6n5, canada abstract felsic intrusions spatially and temporally associated with archean au deposits in the. The timing of prograde metamorphism in the pontiac. Depositscale structural architecture of the sigmalamaque. Mcnaughton, centre for teaching and research in strategic mineral deposits, university of western.
Issue 100 dec 2010 archean gold mineral systems in the eastern yilgarn craton 1 archean gold mineral systems in the eastern yilgarn craton new knowledge to assist area selection and targeting richard blewett ida fault r introduction the eastern yilgarn craton of western australia is australias premier gold and nickel province figure 1, and has been the focus of geological investigations. This paper improves structural and lithological study of gold mineralization in the areas of bena and bakolobi. Traceelement geochemistry of pyrite and arsenopyrite. Pdf three major gold deposits, matandani, kukuluma, and area 3, host several million ouncez moz of gold, along a 5 km long, wnw trend. Magnetic felsic intrusions associated with canadian. Day abstract the canadian segment of the archean superior province is a major world source of lode gold. Multistage gold mineralization events in the archean tati. Sedimenthosted gold mineralization of archean age is found in the wyoming province and is geologically and geochemically more similar to the phanerozoic turbiditehosted or mesothermal type of gold deposit than to the more typically archean greenstonehosted type.
Because gold mineralization occurs late in most granitegreenstone terrains 2,6,9,18, irrespective of what underlying tectonic model is applied, gold. Geochemical characterization of gold mineralization at the. Pdf first report of organic matter associated with. Regional studies on intrusive rocks by yeats et al. Fluid sources and the role of abiogenicch4 in archean gold mineralization. The gold deposits occur in or near regional transcurrent and oblique slipshear defor. Pdf the sunrise dam gold deposit is located approximately 850 km ene of perth, in the eastern part of the yilgam craton, western australia. Anatomy of an archean greenstone belt and ontogeny of gold mineralization article pdf available in economic geology 1036. Because the canadian malartic gold mineralization is older or synchronous with the garnet growth episode in the staurolite zone south of the. Cratoniazation, late archean igneous rocks, mineralization. White mine and the diekenson mine, and the madsen mine are the only currently producing gold mines in the. The timing of prograde metamorphism in the pontiac subprovince, superior craton.
Although archean veintype gold deposits in greenstone belts represent a continuum in terms of deformation style and metamorphic grade of the host rocks, the. Rheniumosmium dating of molybdenite spatially associated with copper sulfide minerals yields ages. Understanding archean greenstonehosted lode gold mineralization in ontario canada through helicopter tdem data. The gold deposits that are hosted in the archean metamorphic rock, have yet to be explored beyond pinglidian gold deposit in the. A rational geological classification of the commonly recognized lode gold deposits is feasible if it is based on the geological settings of the deposits, host rocks, nature of mineralization and geoche mical signature. Archean deposits are a major source for gold across most cratonic regions in the world 1,2,3,4. Geochronological constraints on late archean magmatism.
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